PRAMUKA : SIMBOL ARAH CHAPTER 3

PRAMUKA : SIMBOL ARAH

CHAPTER 3

CHALK-SIGNS FOR COMMAND AND INFORMATION

FOR THE WAYFARER, PEDESTRIAN, BICYCLIST, MOTOR CYCLIST OR THE AUTOMOBILIST

Fig. 31. Two rude circles intersecting each other is a command to persevere, never say die, don't give up. (Hobo.)

Fig. 32. Circle with arrow. Command to go. (Hobo.)

Fig. 33. A spiral with arrow point to left. Command to come to camp, to come back. (Boy Pioneers.)

Fig. 34. A sign taken by vagabonds from the ancient books of magic, a command to stop, to halt. Stop! (Hobo.)

Fig. 35. A diamond admonishes you to keep quiet, hold your tongue. (Hobo.)

Fig. 36. A cross. A hint to be good. With tramps this means, give them a religious talk and they will give you food. (Tramp.)

Fig. 37. Two signs taken from ancient book of magic and used by tramps to tell where they can get food by working for it. (Hobo.)

Fig. 38. You may camp here. (Hobo sign.) From the letter Teth celestial writing, magic.

Fig. 39. Tells you that you may sleep in the hay loft. Probably taken from ancient magic. (Hobo.)

Fig. 40. Among the tramps and vagabonds this means to tell a pitiful story and you will excite the sympathy of your audience. But with the Scouts it simply means to tell your story, that is, make your report. (Hobo.)

ROAD-SIGNS FOR AUTOMOBILES

Recently the automobilists have adopted some very useful and practical road signs. In the first place they have painted the telephone and telegraph posts with bands of color to mark the roads so colored on the automobile maps, but the real practical road signs consists first of a parabola, which is a term in geometry for a certain curve made by the section of a cone. Fig. A (Plate 1). This warns the chauffeur that he is approaching a dangerous curve in the road. Steep grade ahead is indicated by two straight lines, one a little above the other, joined at the middle ends by a diagonal line, Fig. B (Plate 1), thus showing a profile view of the road with a steep grade to it.

Railroad crossing! look out for the locomotive! is shown by a simple crossing of two lines like a letter X, Fig. C (Plate 1). These signs are very conspicuous on the roads in Connecticut, especially in the neighborhood of Danbury.

Somewhere about 1902 the "Association General Automobile" that is, the French Automobile Society adopted quite an extended series of road signs for the purpose of warning motorists when they approach dangerous grade  crossings, cross-roads, villages, steep hills, bad pavements, arches, gullies and hog-backs, or as the French call them, donkey-backs. They also indicate which way the road is turning, when the road turns to the right it is so shown by Fig. D (Plate 1).

Turning to the left is the same sign reversed with the pointed end pointing to the left, Fig. E (Plate 1).

A winding descent is indicated by a rude S-shaped figure tipped up diagonally with the top end pointing to the right, Fig. F (Plate 1).

A winding ascent is indicated by the same sort of S-shaped figure tipped up towards the left, Fig. G (Plate 1). A steep descent is shown by a bomb set diagonally on the sign with a pointed end aimed towards the right-hand lower corner, Fig. H (Plate 1).

A steep ascent is indicated by the same bomb-shaped figure placed diagonally upon the sign with the pointed end pointing to the upper right-hand corner, Fig. J (Plate 1).

Bad cross-roads is practically the same sign that they use here in America for railroad crossings, Fig. K (Plate 1).

Grade crossing is indicated by a broad band representing the road with two lines crossing it at right angles representing the rails, Fig. L (Plate 1).

A turn in the road going down hill is shown by part of a "U" with the pointed end turning down, Fig. M (Plate 1).

A turn in the road going up hill is a reverse of the last figure with a sharp end pointing up. Fig. N (Plate 1).

Where the road passes under an arch a warning sign of an arch upon the sign-board tells the chauffeur to be careful, Fig. O (Plate 1).

A village is indicated by a couple of crudely drawn houses with a public building in between them; Fig. P (Plate 1).

A donkey-back, or hog-back as we know it in America, is shown by a diagram of that sort of a hill, Fig. Q (Plate 1).

A gulley is indicated by a conventional outline of a gulley. Fig. R (Plate 1).

Bad paving is something all of us would like to know before we hit it, and our machine goes jumping over the stones. The French sign for it is a section of a checkerboard, Fig. S (Plate 1).

The water splash is foretold by the diagram of a fence on the sign-board, Fig. T (Plate 1).

There are many of these French signs which are unnecessary here, in America, as automobile signs, but some of them could be used to advantage on automobile maps and also upon military maps, for in map-making the more simple conventional signs one has the less lettering is necessary, and consequently the more simple and more easily read is the map.

PRAMUKA : SIMBOL ARAH CHAPTER 2

PRAMUKA : SIMBOL ARAH CHAPTER 2

CHAPTER II

WILDERNESS SIGNS OF DIRECTION

ON INDIAN TRAILS; GAME TRAILS AND PROSPECTORS' TRAILS; ALSO USED BY GYPSIES, SCOUTS, EXPLORERS AND SPORTSMEN

Fig. 12½. Three blazes on a tree indicate an important "line" tree, or more frequently a witness tree for a corner of plot of land; usually another blaze is made on side of tree nearest the stake or stone marking the corner.

Fig. 13. Blazed trail. It tells the traveler that a line or trail runs alongside of the points marked. It does not give the particular direction like the arrow because this trail may be followed either way. In the diagram the blazes are much closer than they would be in the wilderness, but it is so made that the reader may more readily understand it. (Surveyors,' trappers,' foresters,' and explorers' sign.)

Fig. 14. Spot trail; useful in traveling after sunset as one blaze may be seen from a position close to any other blaze, but cannot be seen from a position to one side of it. (Hunters,' trappers and foresters' signs.) With surveyors a spot mark indicates a line tree, that is a tree standing on the line; sometimes both a spot and a side blaze is used to show that the line hits the tree on one side.

Fig. 15. Broken bush trails. When traveling in an unknown country, one bends and breaks the bushes backwards so that their tops point backwards. When retracing one's steps, one's eyes will catch the exposed under surface of the leaves on the broken bushes, thus making it easy to find the way back. (Hunters,' trappers,' and Scout signs.)

Fig. 16. (Kikaige, I make marks on the road setting up branches—Chippewa). When a stick is stuck diagonally in the ground, the free point shows the direction to camp. In the Northwest, when an Indian has made a kill of moose, sheep or caribou he puts one end of a fresh willow stick in the ground and wraps a bit of the skin of the dead animal on the end of it as an invitation to anyone coming along that trail to come and eat. If the willow stick is fresh and not withered the traveler knows that food and camp are not far ahead of him, but if the willow stick is wilted and drooping, the traveler knows that it has been there a long time and the hunters have probably eaten up the food supply and hit the trail; but the stick in Fig. 16 simply indicates direction. (Abnaki Indians.)

Fig. 17. A long upright stick at the upper end of the pointer tells us that camp is a long distance ahead. (Abnaki Indians.)

Fig. 18. A short upright stick near the buried end of the pointer tells us that camp is a short distance ahead. (Abnaki Indians.)

Fig. 19. A number of upright sticks against the leaning stick indicate the number of "sleeps," or days' journey (for the Indian), but with the Boy Scouts of America it tells the number of miles to camp. (Abnaki Indians.)

Fig. 20. A cleft stick with a forked stick in the cleft tells us that the direction is pointed by the end of the stick. (Gypsy sign.) A green stick thrust in the mud near the shore of a lake or stream, with a chip in the cleft at the top shows the canoe trail. This is sometimes blazed on side and front to show direction taken by outgoing canoe party. (N. W. Quebec Indians.)

Fig. 21. A stone on top of another stone tells us that this is the trail.

Fig. 22. A stone with another stone on top of it and a stone to the right means to turn to the right. (English Boy Scout Sign.)

Fig. 23. The same with a stone to the left of it reads; "Turn to the left here." (English Boy Scout Sign.)

Fig. 24. In the prairie and open country a bunch of grass tied together at the top tells us that this is the trail. (Sioux Indian Sign, Dr. Eastman.)

Fig. 25. If the top ends of the grass are bent to the right, it tells us to turn to the right. (Sioux Indian Sign, Dr. Eastman.)

Fig. 26. If the top of the grass is bent to the left, it tells one to turn to the left. (Sioux Indian Sign. Dr. Eastman.)

Fig. 27. Two sticks laid on the ground in the form of a "V," indicate the direction same as Fig. 8. (Gypsies.)

Fig. 28. A row of little stones laid in the form of a "V" indicates the direction taken. (Gypsies.)

Fig. 29. A green forked stick laid with apparent carelessness upon the ground to the keen eye of the vagabond tells him that companions have lately passed in this direction. (Gypsies.)

Fig. 30. The lop-stick. In heavily wooded districts when the attention of a passer-by is required, a prominent tree is selected, a space cleared around it and the branches of the tree lopped off for a considerable distance up the trunk. Such a mark cannot escape the eye of the passer-by. (Alaska Prospectors, Explorers, and Indians.)

If, for instance, one of a party goes ahead and comes to a lake which is crossed, the water affords no means of marking a trail, but if on the hill or high bank where he again takes up his trail, a tree is lopped in this manner, it will attract the immediate attention of those following and enable them to pick up the trail on the opposite side of the lake. The lop-stick is frequently made to commemorate some event:

"The next day we dug him a grave above high-water mark. . . . I climbed the tree to make a memorial of the North—the lop-stick."—STEFANSON.

The lop-stick in the wilderness of Canada, now 1918, is frequently a wireless station used probably for war purposes. Several such trees were recently pointed out to the author by wilderness canoe men.

PRAMUKA: SIMBOL ARAH CHAPTER 1

PRAMUKA : SIMBOL ARAH

sumber : A SCOUT'S BOOK OF SIGNS, SIGNALS AND SYMBOLS by DANIEL CARTER BEARD

This Dover edition, first published in 2018, is an unabridged republication of the work originally published by J. B. Lippincott Company, Philadelphia, in 1918, under the title The American Boys' Book of Signs, Signals and Symbols.

International Standard Book Number

ISBN-13: 978-0-486-82086-6

ISBN-10: 0-486-82086-6

Manufactured in the United States by LSC Communications

82086601 2018

www.doverpublications.com

SIMBOL ARAH 

CHAPTER I

SIGNS OF DIRECTION

AS FOUND ON SIGN-POSTS AND AS MARKED WITH PENCIL OR CHALK ON FENCES, BARNS, SHEDS AND TELEPHONE POLES

White arrow in parallelogram cutting a circle horizontally. Go this way only. (Traffic sign.)

Fig. 2. Hand with index finger pointing, or an arrow. Usually on painted signs and maps indicating that the proper direction is that indicated by the point of the arrow or the pointing finger. (Sign-boards.)

Fig. 3. An arrow with a circle on its shaft means literally "nothing doing" in this direction. (Hobo and wilderness Scout Sign.)

Fig. 4. Arrow with a perpendicular line across the shaft indicates that the leading man, scout or person left the beaten trail at point marked and took the direction indicated by the arrow. Both Figures 3 and 4 are used on explorers' and military maps. (Wilderness Scout Sign.)

Fig. 5. An arrow with a parallelogram where the feathers should be, tells the reader that a message, a letter, or a document of some kind is concealed three paces from the sign in the direction indicated by the arrow. (English Boy Scout Sign.)

Fig. 6. Circle with two arrows across it is a command to move on quickly. A chalk-sign used by hoboes, yeggmen and vagabonds. Usually a warning that the constable or police are looking for them. (Tramp Sign.)

Fig. 7. Circle with dash cutting the circumference. Used at crossroads. Means take the trail pointed to by the line. (Hobo sign.)

Fig. 8. The letter V placed horizontally is really the outline of an arrow-head with the same meaning as the pointing hand and the arrow. (Fig. 2.) A sign of direction.

Fig. 9. Is the same as Fig. 8 but you will note it has a short line near its point, or apex. This means that camp or the place of rendezvous is but a short distance ahead in the direction indicated. (Modification of Indian Stick sign.)

Fig. 10. The same as Figure 9 but in this case the vertical line is at the open wide part of the V in place of at the point. Meaning a long distance to camp. (Adapted from the Indian Trail signs.)

Fig. 11. The same as the preceding figures but with an addition of a number of vertical lines crossing the V. With the Indians each vertical line stands for a day's journey, but with the people in the more thickly settled country, distances are measured by miles, and each line indicates a mile. With boys using these chalk-signs in town, each line will represent a block or city square. (Adapted from Indian Trail signs.)

Fig. 12. A wave stem arrow with circles, cross lines and half lines. Is used by the knights of the road, gypsies, tramps and hoboes to tell their fellows in this case, that two children, four men and three women passed this way. The arrow indicates direction, the circles indicate children, the four lines crossing the shaft of the arrow indicate men and the three half lines indicate women, which tells us very distinctly that in the underworld children are looked upon as ciphers, and women as but half men (European Hobo sign.)

The foregoing signs of direction may be pencilled, marked with a soft brick, a burnt stick or a piece of chalk or painted on signposts. But, as a rule, they are not practical signs to use in a country where there are no fences or buildings or sidewalks, consequently the people traversing the wilderness and wild country resort to other methods of marking the trail.